Monday, December 3, 2012

Assignment #9: Effective Composition Blog

Argument Strategies

First, read pages 131-151 (Planning, Collecting Evidence, Opposition, Distortion, Slanting, Quoting, Drafting, Analyzing the Audience, Arranging the Evidence, Appeals, Eliminating Fallacies)

Secondly, summarize in one to two paragraphs the main points under each category.  

Next, in an additional paragraph, do the exercise on page 141.  This exercise is based upon the example in the chapter.  Examine the list.  Identify readers who might belong to more than one group.  Then discuss how each group of readers might see the issue.  

Finally, for full credit, respond to at least one other student’s blog answer.

This blog is due Monday, December 9, 2012 at 9 AM.

20 comments:

  1. The first step is selecting a subject. It doesn't necessarily have to be all facts, just something that can be easy to debate. They should be open to interpretation so that audience can choose which side to be on. The next one is collecting and using evidence. This step comes after you chose your subject. You can make a list or even free-write to basically spill your brain with all the things you already know about the subject. It will help you identify what you know, so you can do research on things you don't know. This will help expand your knowledge on the things you already know. Next is considering the opposition. Once you have a subject, you have to think about it. It may be tempting to go against what you say after knowing so much about it. You have to seriously think about the opposing side. You must have evidence to show that your side is correct. In that, there is distortion. Distortion is changing your evidence to exaggerate your opponents view. Next, there is slanting. In slanting, you pick out the main key points that you believe are the strongest. The points that will not help you should be suppressed or looked over. Then there is quoting out of context. This is where you remove words from the original context, and put them somewhere else in the writing. All these steps are basically the planning. After all these comes drafting. This is where you develop, organize, and draft your argument. You have to make informed decisions by analyzing the audience, evidence, and appeals. In order to analyze the audience, you must know your audience. It helps you demonstrate and discover even more your purpose. You have to persuade your audience and help them to see your purpose. Try to figure out what the audience feels strongly about and try to enlarge it. Arranging the evidence is also important. If you do not organize, you and your audience will be lost. It has to be detailed and profitable. The writer might like the way it sounds, but it has to be appealing to the persons hearing it. Then there are appeals. There is the emotional appeal, the ethical appeal, and the logical appeal. The emotional appeal is used to allow readers to feel engaged in your essay. The ethical appeal is the most important to me. This is where the audience can look past the essay, and look at the writer. They have to feel like they can trust the person, and trust what they are saying. Then there is the logical appeal. This appeal shows that you know what the other argument is and you have reasonable observations and conclusions. Lastly there is eliminating fallacies which can also be revising. This is where you can re-read everything you have written, and reexamine your writing to see if it accomplishes what you were trying to do. You can think about it, reorder it and rewrite something’s that you have written.

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    1. I have found a lot of your information to be useful and important for writing arguments. Many of these strategies are important to have a successfully written debate.

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    2. I see that we focused on some of the same key points. Some of the information you put in the blog that I did not focus on, I have found to be very useful so thanks!

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  2. P141 -> I do not think he has overlooked any group. There are many people who can go into different groups. For example, law enforcement might want to read about hackers, to see if there is anything they can do to prevent it. It can be used to stop more crime and block things that hackers get into. The individual may be more worried because it is theirs, and I am sure he would like a recovery program. The software cryptographer may play a big part in this because they might have to fix it if something goes wrong. Then there is recovery key designers who probably designed the whole thing so they should play a big part in it. Then there is the third party designates. They don't seem that important but I'm sure they play some type of secret role in the background. Then there is the internet vendor. I would say they are important because they help to sell the product. Then the person who buys it from them is the internet consumer. The hacker has to be the worst! They would probably try to get into to the software and try to ruin everyones software. Then there is the employee. I think the employee can help the product. Then the employer who gives them the computer. The employees can always complain to the employer is something goes wrong with it. the competitors are jerks. They always try to compete with the new software coming out. Then there is the stockbroker who probably puts all his money into this company and try to make money off of it. The law enforcement helps probably the people trying to hack the software. The legal defense attorneys can help the law enforcement is anything goes wrong. I guess the American Civil Liberties Union just kind of tags along with the Law Enforcement and law enforcement.

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    1. Your info was uhelpful and can help for enganging arguments,these steps are important when debating about a subject, good job.

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  3. Planning consists of selecting a subject, collecting evidence and thinking of the opposition. Well written arguments focus on subjects can be debated, something controversial. While finding evidence, you expand your knowledge by doing research. It is important to research both sides of the argument. Evidence can be divided into types; facts, judgments and testimony. Each of these can be evaluated by pertinence and whether its verifiable and reliable. While finding evidence its crucial to learn about the opposition, finding weak spots in their argument can assist you. Distortion, slanting and, quoting of context are all part of planning. Evidence is distorted when you purposely amplify your opponents view. Slanting is when you find facts that support your ideas while suppressing the other argument. Quoting out of context consists of rearranging words within the writing to change the meaning of what’s being said.
    In the drafting stage you analyze the audience, arrange the evidence and monitor appeals. The evidence is arranged based on interrelated decisions. While paying attention to the aspects of the audience, it is important to convince them to believe in your point of view while being thoughtful about conflicting views. You want to establish a partnership with the readers. There are different methods that can be used to arrange evidence for an argument such as induction, deduction, warrants and claims, and accommodation. Some of these methods can be used together, but its important to arrange each key point in a pattern. The next step are appeals. There are three major appeals emotion, ethic and logic. It is your job to engage the readers with belief, trust and precise facts. Near the end it is important to eliminate fallacies. This is the time to rethink, reorder and rewrite. You can exclude errors and take out irrelevant information.

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  4. p.141 I don’t believe that Jamie has overlooked any group. However multiple people could belong to different groups listed. Hackers could be included in any group, ranging from employers, employees and PC users. Even Law enforcement, seeing as it doesn’t always have to be used for a bad purpose. A PC user could count as a consumer, or possibly and employee or employer. I would think that the Key Recovery Program would benefit the PC users, Recovery Key Designers, internet consumers and vendors because they would feel that their computer is protected. A hacker would face a challenge because of this software. Law enforcement agencies and employers could use this as a tool to stop the hackers. Competing programs could see this as a threat, based on how well the consumers like the program.

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  5. Planning consists of selecting a subject, finding evidence and thinking of the opposition. Well written arguments focus on subjects, and can be debated, something controversial. While finding evidence, you expand your knowledge by doing research. It is important to research both sides of the argument. Evidence can be divided into types; facts, judgments and testimony. Each of these can be evaluated by pertinence and whether it’s verifiable and reliable. While finding evidence its crucial to learn about the opposition, finding weak spots in their argument can assist you. Distortion, slanting and, quoting of context are all part of planning. Evidence is distorted when you purposely amplify your opponents view. Slanting is when you find facts that support your ideas while suppressing the other argument. Quoting out of context consists of rearranging words within the writing to change the meaning of what’s being said.
    In the drafting stage you analyze the audience, arrange the evidence and monitor appeals. The evidence is arranged based on interrelated decisions. While paying attention to the aspects of the audience, it is important to convince them to believe in your point of view while being thoughtful about conflicting views. You want to establish a partnership with the readers. There are different methods that can be used to arrange evidence for an argument such as induction, deduction, warrants and claims, and accommodation. Some of these methods can be used together, but it’s important to arrange each key point in a pattern. The next step is appeals. There are three major appeals emotion, ethic and logic. It is your job to engage the readers with belief, trust and precise facts. Near the end it is important to eliminate fallacies. This is the time to rethink, reorder and rewrite. You can exclude errors and take out irrelevant information.

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    1. You used some pretty big words here! Your information is very detailed. It almost seems like these are not your words. But otherwise, good job.

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    2. I like how detailed you were in your explanations of what you will need in your argument and how the steps of the process to figure it out will work and be helpful to you in the end.

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    3. I like how you understood the text just as i did. This is very well laid out and explained.

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  6. p.141 I don’t believe that Jamie has overlooked any group. However multiple people could belong to different groups listed. Hackers could be included in any group, ranging from employers, employees and PC users. Even Law enforcement, seeing as it doesn’t always have to be used for a bad purpose. A PC user could count as a consumer, or possibly and employee or employer. I would think that the Key Recovery Program would benefit the PC users, Recovery Key Designers, internet consumers and vendors because they would feel that their computer is protected. A hacker would face a challenge because of this software. Law enforcement agencies and employers could use this as a tool to stop the hackers. Competing programs could see this as a threat, based on how well the consumers like the program.

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  7. Planning: The things in the planning argument, is another thing for ideas. You just think what you're going to write about and use facts that you found for whatever you're looking for.
    Collecting Evidence: This is the next step right after you plan your things out. Bring all the facts together, this is when you might write anything from your mind. This is the same thing as "freewriting."
    Opposition: Once you picked out your story and ready to go, there would be two sides debating on which one you would choose to write about.
    Distortion: In this position, distortion is if you distort your facts, you're just exaggerating someone else's story.
    Slanting: If people are talking about you're story back and forth, & you're changing it because of them.. that's slanting your essay.
    Quoting: If you use words from a story, take it and make it into your words. That’s quoting out of context.
    Drafting: Drafting is adding up everything you have and beginning to make your story.
    Audience: The audience helps you notice your mistakes and really tell you what you need to fix.
    Evidence: Always show your audience the real information before you tell them things that are not true. Make sure your information is right.
    Appeals: There are three appeals. They’re the emotional, ethical, and logical appeal. You can’t just use them, if you use them, you have to know when your using it and why.
    Revising: When you’re ready to go, make sure you look it over to see if it makes sense and follows your story that you’re talking about.

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  8. Pages 131-151 are about the steps to a good argument and making your case heard. The first set is planning and that is pretty simple and easy to start out with. Basically all you are doing is selecting your subject you want to talk about. What ever your argument paper will be on this planning process is the time to brain storm ideas of what you want the reader to know. Next step is collecting the evidence. This is when you will want to find cold hard facts and information on the topic you have chosen to do in the planning process. This may take some time and you will may need some references to back you up like from a book or an educational website. Next it is time to choose your opposition on the matter of your paper. When arguing a point you tend to have one sided options of your topic. It is good when collecting your evidence to read on the other side and other prospective of the option just to make things clear on which side you’re taking and how the other side feels. Distortion is the next step of picking a side to one matter. Explain why you feel one way and why maybe a certain group or person feels the opposite. Slanting will help your paper meet professional standards. This will be the way you present your information and write it out to show a sort of order and organization to your thinking and new found facts. Quoting is putting in your paper what the professionals/ informed on your subject say about your side and will help the final product. Always try to do work for word what they say other wise is taking of context. This is everything you will need to get the information needed and ready for the next step. Drafting.

    Drafting is when you will begin to put all of your ideas and facts from together into one argument. Your draft will most likely be totally different from your final result because of the amount of editing and changing you will later be doing. For right now this is just an outline of what is to come and a good way to see what ideas go with what other good ideas before putting it down for good. When writing your draft try to know ahead of time would your readers or listeners are, it is very important to always analyze your audience. When writing your draft and final paper later on you will need to know who will be hearing this and how will it make them feel. Do you need to lessen or up the vocabulary status depending on the age of the group are if you know that most of the people who will hear this are over the age of 80 then talking about legalizing certain drugs may not be the topic of side of the topic to go. When arranging the evidence make sure to try to stay on topic with the other facts you will be presenting and also know it will affect the paper later on, on how you present it in that certain order. When drafting keep track of the three appeals you may be using. They are emotional appeals which will be used to get at the listener or readers emotions in a way the see your side. The ethical appeal can make them relate to your threw a feeling of what they feel spiritually; and the last one is the logical appeal which will be you stating the true plain facts. Eliminating or revising is last. This is when you will be going over what you had wrote and doing your last editing before rewriting into a final draft or paper to present.

    Exercise PG 141 – I don’t see or think any groups were left out or over looked. He could of maybe shortened his list by putting some that were close in comparison together. Some of the combined ones could have been the recovery key designers and the third party designators. It then would read as recovery/third party designers. Another set of groups that could have been made into one would be the internet vendor and internet consumer

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  9. While planning, you should think about what the opposing side may think as a counterpoint. Try to tackle those potential rebuttals.

    Start gathering evidence to back up your subject. Do not argue about fact; because it is simply fact. Argue your opinions, and use the facts to back up your opinions. Always cite sources for credibility.

    Controversies are tricky. Once you gather all your information, your opinions can change, and you can find holes in your theories on what you believe. The paper can be hard to glue together without faults. Assume another paper for the other side, and try to squash any of their arguments you can come up with, with as much logic and reasoning possible.

    Distortion happens when you exaggerate your opponents' views. Slanting happens when you selectively choose facts which exclusively support your side but suppress ones unfavorable. Quoting out of context is when quotes are partially omitted to appear favorable.

    Drafting is adding up what you've collected into the initial rough story to start taking form. Identify your audience and arrange your paper as such. You may end up rearranging a lot because controversies are tricky. No one method will always work.

    Appeal to your audience. Emotions may appeal to your readers, as well as ethics and logic.

    Reread and revise. Look for holes in your story and try to patch them. Try rearranging your ideas to appear stronger. Do not simply attack the other side with irrelevant information. Do not be hasty with generalizations. Sometimes it is not just "one or the other" but a variety of things. Do not try to distract to avoid holes. Try to fix and build as much as possible so you have a strong, convincing paper for your beliefs.

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    1. Your information was helpful, and me and you got alot of the same key points from the text.

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  10. When planning you need to select a subject, collect and use evidence, and consider how dependable your arguement is. You should pick a subject that you can argue about and that you can use hard facts prove it. You should also focus on a subject that can be debated. After you start or selected a subject is when you can start to gather your evidence. When looking for information make sure you seperate your judgements from the facts. Facts are more dependable and will help you prove your fact rather than your judgements. Facts also have more credibility compared to your personal judgement. When collecting information make sure you get information on both sides of the issue you are debating about. When considering your opposition look for common signs of unfairness. Such as distortion, slanting, and quoting out of context. Distortion is when you intentionally exagerate your opponents view. Slanting is picking facts that are favorable to your view and make them unfavorable. Quoting out of text is when you re-word the quote and mix words to make it out of conext. Considering your opposition will help you find the weak spots in your arguement. While drafting you need to develop, organize, and than draft your argument. This will help you to make informed decisions. When drafting you should always analyze your audience. By this you need to, assess what your potentional audiences are likely to know about the sugject. You should also think about what evidence will influence their judgements. You also need to identify the specific groups of readers who form the potential audience for your arguement. When arranging your evidence consider how ou might adapt your evidence yo four methods of arrangement. Such as, introduction, deductions, claims and warrants, and accomadations. There are three different types of appeals. The emotional appeal is where you want readers to be emotionally engaged in your arguement. The ethical appeal is when you want the readers to feel that your arguement can be trusted. The logical appeal is when people want you to use the facts that will make your argument absolutely true. Eliminating Fallacies, or also know as revision, is when you re-examine your arguement to see if you accomplished your purpose. You also need to make sure there are no false statements. The main thing is to make sure you have a dependable arguement.


    Exercise on Page 141
    I don't think that Jamie has overlooked any of his groups. I think he could put the PC user, Software Cryptographer, Recovery Key Designers, and Third Party Designates in one group. Another group he can make is the Employee, Employer, Stockbroker, Internet Vender, and Internet Consumer. I think that if you make these two groups they will work better rather than having individual statements.

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  11. Pages 131-151 teaches what you need to have a good argument. First you need a subject you know alot about and can back up. You need to guess what the replies from the opponent will be and then have reasons as why you think its wrong. In order to prove it is wrong, you need facts. Opinions do not matter in an argument because they are what you believe not what is proven. Facts have more dependability compared to your personal judgements. You must have information about both sides of the argument so that you can prove why your opponent is wrong and why you are right. You have to draft your argument so that you make good decisions and to help your argument work better and so you analyze your audience. Analyzing your audience is always necessary, you want to appeal to them. Make sure you have no false statements, your audience can trust you, and you have a good argument that you can back up well.

    pg. 141- I do not think that Jamie has missed or overlooked any groups. The list could maybe be shortened with connection of groups like PC user and the software and even the hacker. Combining the groups gives better evidence from several compared to one individual statement.

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  12. In planning you must select a subject which is one that can be debated. It should oppose opinions that can be supported with evidence and your audience can be free to consider both claims and to choose sides. Your subject should be something you know about, consider interesting and significant, and can be a manageable size. Once you choose a subject, start to gather your evidence. Begin making lists or free writing in your journal. Eventually you will need to do some research to expand more. When planning, you can use evidence of facts, judgments, and or testimony. Facts are very valuable in an argument because they can’t be debated. Judgments are meant to be conclusions inferred from the facts, and testimony affirms or asserts facts. Evaluate your evidence by determining whether it is pertinent, verifiable, and reliable. Considering the opposition will enable you to understand the important evidence that makes your opponents position credible. It will have you to uncover the weak spots in their argument; points that you will have to disguise when you write. This will encourage you to identify the points, often overlooked in the argument, on which both sides agree. Distortion is when you intentionally exaggerate your readers’ views. Slanting is if you are selecting facts favorable to your position. Lastly, quoting Out of Context is if you are removing words carelessly from the original context and reusing them in a new context that changes their meaning. Drafting is basically the part after you have completed your research. There are steps to it once you’ve done that, which are develop, organize, and lastly, drafting your argument. Now you analyze your argument is something like when you are trying to convince your audience into believing your purpose. You must figure out what your audiences are likely to know about your subject, what they believe is important in the writing, and what kind of evidence that will influence their judgment. Arranging the evidence has four different methods which are induction, deduction, claims and warrants, and also accommodation. Induction is something that begins by presenting specific evidence and moves to a general conclusion. This reflects the history of your research. Beginning with your hypothesis about what you wanted to find out and where you needed to look. You’ve collected examples until you got a pattern. Deduction leads you to a specific conclusion. It makes initial assertions from which a conclusion is derived. Claims and warrants are arguments that lead to a specific example but present a more complex arrangement. You begin the claim and start your evidence to support the claim, and then the warrant which you need to state it directly. Accommodation arranges evidence so that all parties believe their position has received a fair hearing. Accommodation takes your audience’s to hesitations into account. Instead of trying to win the argument, you’re trying to improve communication and increase understanding. Monitoring the appeals have three basic appeals of argument which are emotional, ethical, and logical. These three appeals are rarely separate; they all are in and out of every argument. Emotional appeal is often used to stampede an audience into thoughtless action. Ethical appeal is the character of the writer. Suggests the writer is to be someone to be trusted. By using the logical appeal you acknowledge that arguments are conducted in a world of probability and not certainty. The logical appeal is used a lot and accepted in a argument. In an argument, many local problems are the result of errors in reasoning, known as fallacies. In eliminating fallacies you’re rethinking, reordering, and rewriting trying to figure out the small problems.

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  13. This blog assignment is now complete and closed. No late comment assignments will be accepted for this specific blog. See Mr. Dawursk for further information.

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